B.Ed Chemistry

Definition and Scope
- Understanding chemistry as a central science.
- Major branches: Organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry.

Role of Chemistry in Education
- Importance of chemistry in understanding the natural world.
- Integration of chemistry into the school curriculum.

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
- Structure of atoms: Protons, neutrons, electrons.
- Periodic table: Groups, periods, and periodic trends.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Types of chemical bonds: Ionic, covalent, and metallic.
- Molecular geometry and intermolecular forces.

Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions
- Balancing chemical equations.
- Types of chemical reactions: Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion.

States of Matter
- Properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
- Gas laws and kinetic molecular theory.

Thermodynamics
- Concepts of energy, enthalpy, and entropy.
- Laws of thermodynamics and their applications in chemistry.

Solutions
- Types of solutions and concentration units.
- Factors affecting solubility and colligative properties.

Acids and Bases
- Definitions and theories: Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, Lewis.
- pH scale, indicators, and titration.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- Structure and properties of hydrocarbons.
- Functional groups and organic reactions.

Biochemistry Basics
- Structure and function of biomolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.
- Enzymes and biochemical pathways.

Curriculum Development
- Designing chemistry curricula and lesson plans.
- Incorporating experiments and practical activities.

Teaching Methods and Strategies
- Effective teaching techniques for chemistry.
- Use of visual aids, models, and technology in teaching.

Assessment and Evaluation
- Methods of assessing students’ understanding in chemistry.
- Designing practical and theoretical assessments.